August 19, 2025.
During one of my travels recently, I got engaged in an avid, animated discussion with a couple of my friends, hailing from the South and North of India, making it more meaningful and diverse. The discussion was to figure out the difference between a Religious Preacher, a Spiritual Leader, a Philosopher and a Guru. It is a subject which we normally don’t discuss—or should I say avoid discussing—as you never know when you may go wrong or be wronged. We were daring to analyse some of the Babas and Gurus whom many followed, but not for their strength or expertise in certain field, but merely because they often mentioned God. The discussion, as ever, was open-ended and never concluded with any common ground. But the area of non-unanimity was very perplexing and interesting. Everyone scored equally, with vehement defense of their POVs.
Here I would reflect on my own views. There is nothing wrong or right, but my understanding and opinion about the terms and their roles.
A Religious Preacher is one who is well-versed with religious rituals and has knowledge of religious scriptures. A learned preacher would also analyze and reflect on his understanding of the scriptures. The person has to be a good orator and communicator, so that the audience understands their preaching and follows it. A religious preacher may not necessarily be spiritually evolved. A preacher may glorify the virtues of religious sermons, but may fail to live the sermonized life. Rituals without meaningful and mindful execution may not elevate one spiritually. But they owe respect for their knowledge in specific field. They can lead to ones elevation to higher level in thoughts and actions.
A Spiritual Leader is one who talks about spirituality, professes, and propagates the spiritual spirit. Again, the question remains if a spiritual leader would be spiritually evolved. Not necessarily. There is a difference between practice and preaching, between doing and discussing. A spiritual leader may talk about the path to spiritual moksha, but may have never tread upon it. He may advocate its efficacy to relieve oneself from worldly pains but still crave materialistic aggrandizement. One can meditate for hours, claim to have cleansed the body, and say to have left the body to watch it from outside, but still, in actuality, be shackled to the body, which they say is a mere vehicle of the soul in the current life, and fall prey to satiating its desires. That doesn’t mean that they are not good. They should be followed for what they are good in. For showing right direction. Valmiki became a saint for merely taking the cue.
A Philosopher is a person who tries to put logic into everything through his own philosophies. A philosopher is full of wisdom, witty, an excellent communicator, magical in words, with exemplary elocution. He gives meaning to everything, quoting others or using his own wits. But that doesn’t necessarily mean the person is spiritually evolved. Nor does it mean that they cannot be spiritually evolved. A philosopher has to be respected for their sharp analytical mind, which can encourage one to think out of the box.
Now, the Guru. A Guru is one who shows the path, helps to understand, and clears doubts. He is basically a navigator, a master in that field—though it could be any field. Guru is such a popular word that even criminals call their teachers or bosses “Guru.” The term Guru certainly doesn’t indicate spirituality.
However, when we talk about a spiritual guru, they have to be an evolved person. A spiritual guru has to be a Saint. A person who may or may not be an ardent religious practitioner can be a saint. Spiritually evolved people will never be swayed by materialistic or worldly things. They do not amass wealth to create their kingdom. They change hearts of masses. They interact with same spirit with everyone, irrespective of how influential a person is. The connection of the Guru is with higher power, with a complete realization that worldly things are temporary, mortal, and immaterial in life. When we talk about worldly things, it involves discrimination between success and failure, happiness and sorrow, love and hate, friend and foe, rich and poor, life and death. Either of these life situations does not instigate emotions in a spiritual person. Everything is looked upon with the same spirit. A spiritual guru will be bereft of any influence attached to the dichotomies mentioned above. Everything and anything, at any time, is the same for them. They remain unperturbed, uninfluenced, and impartial. They are masters of the skill of detachment in attachment, and attachment in detachment. They are for everyone, and they are for none.